Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals
Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals Barbara L. Fredrickson1 and Thomas Joiner2 Barbara L. Fredrickson 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Find articles by Barbara L. Fredrickson Thomas Joiner 2Florida State University Find articles by Thomas Joiner Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2Florida State […]
Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial
aging-13-202913-s001.pdf (210K) GUID: 8B5ADE62-9CE0-4318-A919-3681A0087B19 Abstract Manipulations to slow biological aging and extend healthspan are of interest given the societal and healthcare costs of our aging population. Herein we report on a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 43 healthy adult males between the ages of 50-72. The 8-week treatment program included diet, sleep, exercise and relaxation […]
Theories of Aging: An Ever-Evolving Field
Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it. Keywords: aging, life expectancy, reactive oxygen species, accumulation […]
Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence
Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence Alexandra Bernadotte,#1,2 Victor M. Mikhelson,#3 and Irina M. Spivak#3,4,5 Alexandra Bernadotte 1 Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, 14157, Sweden 2 St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110 Russia Find articles by Alexandra Bernadotte […]
Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise
Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise Svenia Schnyder and Christoph Handschin* Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer Biozentrum, Div. of Pharmacology/Neurobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland *Correspondence: Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Phone: +41 61 2672378, hc.sabinu@nihcsdnah.hpotsirhc Copyright notice The publisher’s final edited version of this […]
Epigenomics Fact Sheet
What is the epigenome? The epigenome is a multitude of chemical compounds that can tell the genome what to do. The human genome is the complete assembly of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-about 3 billion base pairs – that makes each individual unique. DNA holds the instructions for building the proteins that carry out a variety of […]
DNA Methylation Clocks and Their Predictive Capacity for Aging Phenotypes and Healthspan
The number of age predictors based on DNA methylation (DNAm) profile is rising due to their potential in predicting healthspan and application in age-related illnesses, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The cumulative assessment of DNAm levels at age-related CpGs (DNAm clock) may reflect biological aging. Such DNAm clocks have been developed using various training models and […]
Epigenetic Modifications as Outcomes of Exercise Interventions Related to Specific Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review
Introduction The prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases is rising in all populations [1]. Several factors related to lifestyle have been described to increase the risk of these diseases, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and diets rich in saturated fats, salt, and sugars. However, other risk factors related to genetics, metabolism, the endocrine system, […]
The Impact of Caloric Restriction on the Epigenetic Signatures of Aging
Abstract Aging is characterized by an extensive remodeling of epigenetic patterns, which has been implicated in the physiopathology of age-related diseases. Nutrition plays a significant role in modulating the epigenome, and a growing amount of data indicate that dietary changes can modify the epigenetic marks associated with aging. In this review, we will assess the […]
Dopamine reward prediction error coding
Abstract Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards. They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more rewards—an evolutionary beneficial trait. Most dopamine neurons in the midbrain of humans, monkeys, and rodents signal a reward prediction error; they are activated by more reward […]
Protein Restriction, Epigenetic Diet, Intermittent Fasting as New Approaches for Preventing Age-associated Diseases
Data from epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that diet and eating patterns have a major role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated diseases. Since 1935, calorie restriction (CR) has been identified as one of the most effective nongenetic dietary interventions that can increase lifespan. It involves reducing calorie intake by about 20%–40% below ad […]
Pilot Study on Epigenetic Response to A Mind-Body Treatment
In the last years, epigenetics and functional genomics methods to evaluate the genomic effects and mechanisms of mind-body therapies have increasingly grown. DNA microarray technology has been used to show the involvement of the stress response pathways both in the case of disease and stress and as an effect of mind-body therapies. In the present […]
Reprogramming to recover youthful epigenetic information and restore vision
Ageing is a degenerative process that leads to tissue dysfunction and death. A proposed cause of ageing is the accumulation of epigenetic noise that disrupts gene expression patterns, leading to decreases in tissue function and regenerative capacity1–3. Changes to DNA methylation patterns over time form the basis of ageing clocks4, but whether older individuals retain […]
Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plays important role in immune response
Abstract Activation of macrophages leads to the secretion of cytokines and enzymes that shape the inflammatory response and increase metabolic processes. This, in turn, results in increased production of reactive oxygen species. The role of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), an important enzyme in cellular oxygen metabolism, was examined in activated peritoneal elicited macrophages (PEM) and […]
Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase
Abstract Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute a very important antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. The enzyme acts as a good therapeutic agent against reactive oxygen species-mediated diseases. The present review describes the therapeutic effects of SOD in various physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, cystic fibrosis, ischemia, aging, rheumatoid arthritis, […]