Introduction The prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases is rising in all populations [1]. Several factors related to lifestyle have been described to increase the risk of these diseases, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and diets rich in saturated fats, salt, and sugars. However, other risk factors related to genetics, metabolism, the endocrine system, […]
The Impact of Caloric Restriction on the Epigenetic Signatures of Aging
Abstract Aging is characterized by an extensive remodeling of epigenetic patterns, which has been implicated in the physiopathology of age-related diseases. Nutrition plays a significant role in modulating the epigenome, and a growing amount of data indicate that dietary changes can modify the epigenetic marks associated with aging. In this review, we will assess the […]
Dopamine reward prediction error coding
Abstract Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards. They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more rewards—an evolutionary beneficial trait. Most dopamine neurons in the midbrain of humans, monkeys, and rodents signal a reward prediction error; they are activated by more reward […]