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Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals

Reflections on Positive Emotions and Upward Spirals Barbara L. Fredrickson1 and Thomas Joiner2 Barbara L. Fredrickson 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Find articles by Barbara L. Fredrickson Thomas Joiner 2Florida State University Find articles by Thomas Joiner Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2Florida State […]

Potential reversal of epigenetic age using a diet and lifestyle intervention: a pilot randomized clinical trial

aging-13-202913-s001.pdf (210K) GUID: 8B5ADE62-9CE0-4318-A919-3681A0087B19 Abstract Manipulations to slow biological aging and extend healthspan are of interest given the societal and healthcare costs of our aging population. Herein we report on a randomized controlled clinical trial conducted among 43 healthy adult males between the ages of 50-72. The 8-week treatment program included diet, sleep, exercise and relaxation […]

Theories of Aging: An Ever-Evolving Field

Senescence has been the focus of research for many centuries. Despite significant progress in extending average human life expectancy, the process of aging remains largely elusive and, unfortunately, inevitable. In this review, we attempted to summarize the current theories of aging and the approaches to understanding it. Keywords: aging, life expectancy, reactive oxygen species, accumulation […]

Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence

Markers of cellular senescence. Telomere shortening as a marker of cellular senescence Alexandra Bernadotte,#1,2 Victor M. Mikhelson,#3 and Irina M. Spivak#3,4,5 Alexandra Bernadotte 1 Karolinska Institute, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm, 14157, Sweden 2 St. Petersburg Institute of Bioregulation and Gerontology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, 197110 Russia Find articles by Alexandra Bernadotte […]

Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise

Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ: PGC-1α, myokines and exercise Svenia Schnyder and Christoph Handschin* Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer Biozentrum, Div. of Pharmacology/Neurobiology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland *Correspondence: Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland, Phone: +41 61 2672378, hc.sabinu@nihcsdnah.hpotsirhc Copyright notice The publisher’s final edited version of this […]

Epigenomics Fact Sheet

What is the epigenome? The epigenome is a multitude of chemical compounds that can tell the genome what to do. The human genome is the complete assembly of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)-about 3 billion base pairs – that makes each individual unique. DNA holds the instructions for building the proteins that carry out a variety of […]

DNA Methylation Clocks and Their Predictive Capacity for Aging Phenotypes and Healthspan

The number of age predictors based on DNA methylation (DNAm) profile is rising due to their potential in predicting healthspan and application in age-related illnesses, such as neurodegenerative diseases. The cumulative assessment of DNAm levels at age-related CpGs (DNAm clock) may reflect biological aging. Such DNAm clocks have been developed using various training models and […]

Epigenetic Modifications as Outcomes of Exercise Interventions Related to Specific Metabolic Alterations: A Systematic Review

Introduction The prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases is rising in all populations [1]. Several factors related to lifestyle have been described to increase the risk of these diseases, including tobacco and alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and diets rich in saturated fats, salt, and sugars. However, other risk factors related to genetics, metabolism, the endocrine system, […]

Dopamine reward prediction error coding

Abstract Reward prediction errors consist of the differences between received and predicted rewards. They are crucial for basic forms of learning about rewards and make us strive for more rewards—an evolutionary beneficial trait. Most dopamine neurons in the midbrain of humans, monkeys, and rodents signal a reward prediction error; they are activated by more reward […]

Protein Restriction, Epigenetic Diet, Intermittent Fasting as New Approaches for Preventing Age-associated Diseases

Data from epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that diet and eating patterns have a major role in the pathogenesis of many age-associated diseases. Since 1935, calorie restriction (CR) has been identified as one of the most effective nongenetic dietary interventions that can increase lifespan. It involves reducing calorie intake by about 20%–40% below ad […]

Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase plays important role in immune response

Abstract Activation of macrophages leads to the secretion of cytokines and enzymes that shape the inflammatory response and increase metabolic processes. This, in turn, results in increased production of reactive oxygen species. The role of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), an important enzyme in cellular oxygen metabolism, was examined in activated peritoneal elicited macrophages (PEM) and […]

Therapeutic potentials of superoxide dismutase

Abstract Superoxide dismutases (SODs) constitute a very important antioxidant defense against oxidative stress in the body. The enzyme acts as a good therapeutic agent against reactive oxygen species-mediated diseases. The present review describes the therapeutic effects of SOD in various physiological and pathological conditions such as cancer, inflammatory diseases, cystic fibrosis, ischemia, aging, rheumatoid arthritis, […]

Implications of altered NAD metabolism in metabolic disorders

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) is an important coenzyme that participates in various energy metabolism pathways, including glycolysis, β-oxidation, and oxidative phosphorylation. Besides, it is a required cofactor for post-translational modifications such as ADP-ribosylation and deacetylation by poly (ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and sirtuins, respectively. Thus, NAD regulates energy metabolism, DNA damage repair, gene expression, and stress […]

Hormesis Defined

Hormesis is a term used by toxicologists to refer to a biphasic dose response to an environmental agent characterized by a low dose stimulation or beneficial effect and a high dose inhibitory or toxic effect. In the fields of biology and medicine hormesis is defined as an adaptive response of cells and organisms to a […]

Caloric Restriction Mimetics in Nutrition and Clinical Trials

The human diet and dietary patterns are closely linked to the health status. High-calorie Western-style diets have increasingly come under scrutiny as their caloric load and composition contribute to the development of non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, obesity, and cardiovascular disorders. On the other hand, calorie-reduced and health-promoting diets have shown promising results in […]

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